Analysis of archival data revealed subsidence of situational anxiety accompanying work under psycho-emotional stress after administration of pharmacologically different psychotropic agents, such as stimulant mesocarb, nootropic and anxiolytic fenibut, tranquilizer fenazepam and alpha-adrenoblocker proroxan. Effectiveness of pharmacological anxiety control was dependent on individual sensitivity to these agents. Prescription of the medications with allowance for the factor reduced group-average levels of situational anxiety in 1.3 to 72 times.
Anxiety/drug therapy , Athletes/psychology , Athletic Performance , Attitude to Health , Skiing/psychology , Stress, Psychological/drug therapy , Adult , Anti-Anxiety Agents , Anxiety/etiology , Anxiety/psychology , Humans , Prognosis , Stress, Psychological/complications , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Young Adult
Based on early concepts of quantitative evaluation of pilotage overload influence on pilot, the authors justified principles and criteria for biometric characterization of overload parameters and human response concerning the problem of manoeuvreable flight and pilot's occupational health preservation. The article presents quantitative dependencies between various overload parameters, occupational conditions and -effects, considering risk of disorders that determine potential unreliability of pilot in manoeuvreable flight and possible cumulative effects from dose viewpoint.
Aircraft , Occupational Diseases/diagnosis , Occupational Health , Workload , Humans , Models, Biological
The article presents various concepts underlying the quantitative methods that assess influence of piloting overload on pilots. The authors also consider principal differences between acute and chronic overload of + Gz direction, its adaptational and cumulative effects. The most important items are based on phasic nature of physiologic response to single and repeated overload of + Gz direction, on a law describing summation of delta-effects caused by various conditions of pilot's occupational activities, considering the risk of disorders determining potential unreliability of pilots in maneuver flight and probability of cumulative effects. The theoretical items are illustrated by some practical examples.
Adaptation, Physiological , Aviation , Occupational Health , Occupations , Aerospace Medicine , Gravitation , Humans , Military Personnel , Models, Theoretical
The paper deals with the methodological aspects and conceptual models of the impact of g-loads on the functional status and occupational health of high-maneuvering plane pilots in the context of the effective dose conception. Quantitative approaches to evaluating the influence of this factor are considered by taking into account a risk for specific abnormalities and its combination with other factors and conditions of a pilot's work. Practical aspects of the application of the approaches developed to enhance the safety of flights and the promotion of flying personnel's health are also considered and promising avenues of further studies are outlined.
Aerospace Medicine , Gravitation , Occupations , Adult , Humans , Male , Models, Theoretical , Research
In 8 healthy men exposed within a year to systematic +Gz accelerations with cycles of 2-month work on centrifuge followed by a month rest the functional state of the red blood cells was studied repeatedly and once in 26 fighter pilots. The blood was tested for such indices as hemoglobin, reticulocyte and erythrocyte counts; the functional state of erythrocyte pool was tested using a modified method of acidic erythrograms enabling one to record kinetic parameters of hemolysis: maximum rate of hemolysis and time of its development. Intensity of loads in the cycles of centrifuging was estimated from the Barton index. It is indicated that one of the effects of systematic exposure to +Gz accelerations is an accelerated destruction of the cells with reduced resistivity a function of exposure intensity. The destructive processes induced by accelerations trigger for a short time the mechanism of compensatory activation of the red blood system. Analysis of diagrams of percentage distribution of the parameters of the erythrocyte function after centrifuge runs of various intensity, and in the pilots revealed a significant compensatory activation of the red blood system only in 25% of pilots. The criterion validity of the indices tested for the system of individual control of the adaptive processes strain in the body is discussed.
Erythrocytes/physiology , Gravitation , Adult , Aerospace Medicine , Erythrocyte Count , Humans , Male , Reference Values , Rotation , Time Factors
In three experimental series in which 34 male test subjects (aged 20 to 31 years) participated, acceleration tolerance (+Gz) was measured before and after exposure to 7-day head-down tilting. The measurement tests were performed using an antigravitational device in two modifications AGU-1 and AGU-2. After tilting, tolerance to sustained acceleration +Gz decreased significantly. The use of the device helped to increase acceleration tolerance, AGU-1 all the test subjects tolerated acceleration up to 4.0 G while in AGU-2 only up to 3.0 G. The use of the AGU device following exposure to antiorthostatic hypokinesia helped to maintain the high quality of operator's activities as compared to the controls.
Gravitation , Gravity Suits , Immobilization , Posture , Acceleration , Adult , Equipment Design , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Humans , Male , Rotation , Time Factors
Time-course variations in the cardiovascular parameters, vestibulo-autonomic stability, work capacity and nutritional status were measured in 20 male test subjects, aged 19-22, who were exposed for 7 days to head-down tilt (-10 degrees). Beginning with days 3 or 4, new hemodynamic ratios developed that indicated a new level of circulation regulation and adaptation to head-down tilt. It appears that blood redistribution towards the head led to an enhanced vestibulo-autonomic stability. Renal excretion of nitrogen increased, reaching the highest level on days 6-7. The investigations allow the conclusion that 7-day head-down tilt may cause changes in almost every physiological system.
Adaptation, Physiological , Movement , Posture , Weightlessness , Adult , Autonomic Nervous System/physiology , Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena , Diet , Humans , Male , Models, Biological , Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology
